Tarsal tunnel syndrome results from compression of the posterior tibial nerve as it passes through the tarsal tunnel. The tarsal tunnel is a narrow space located on the inside of the ankle, containing the tibial nerve which provides feeling to the heel and foot and aids in foot function. Tarsal tunnel syndrome can cause debilitating pain, numbness, and tingling in the foot and ankle and limit ankle and foot mobility and function. Physical therapy can play a critical role in improving the function and mobility of those with tarsal tunnel syndrome through a targeted strengthening, stretching, manual therapy, and nerve gliding treatment program.

Thoracic outlet syndrome occurs when the nerves, arteries, or veins that run between your collarbone and the highest, first rib are pinched or compressed. The most common type is neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS), in which weak or tight muscles cause the brachial plexus to be pinched and inflamed, often caused by repetitive overhead activities and heavy lifting. Physical therapy is the first line of treatment for neurogenic TOS, utilizing manual therapy, postural retraining, and targeted strengthening of the scapular muscles to relieve symptoms and improve function.

Peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes in which nerve function is diminished or lost due to uncontrolled, high blood sugar levels. It is commonly experienced in the hands and feet and can cause feelings of numbness and tingling in the affected limbs, a loss or absence of sensation, burning or sharp pain, and increased sensitivity to touch in the affected area. Physical therapy plays a vital role in helping those with peripheral neuropathy improve and maintain function, enhance overall quality of life, and alleviate symptoms of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.